These Jobs Are the Least Likely to Be Replaced by AI

• Lawyers take the first place in the most AI-resistant occupations, with their work demanding full human interaction and decision-making.

• The role of architectural and engineering managers faces the lowest automation risk, with only a 25 percent likelihood of being replaced by AI.

• Securing the second spot, medical and health services managers require over 89.9 percent direct public engagement, emphasizing the essential human element in healthcare.

A recent study by Ubie Health evaluated the resistance of various occupations to AI-driven automation. The study analyzed occupations, public interaction percentages, and automation risk scores. AI resistance was determined based on two key factors: the level of human interaction required and the likelihood of automation. Higher public interaction indicates greater reliance on human engagement, while a lower automation risk suggests a reduced likelihood of AI replacement. An AI resistance score was calculated for each occupation based on the weights of the metrics, and jobs were ranked from most to least resistant.

Occupation and occupational group	Percent who must interact with the general public	Automation Risk	Score
Lawyers	100	29	100
Medical and health services managers	89.8	26	93.45
Human resources managers	82.9	26	87.17
General and operations managers	80.3	36	75.7
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers	81.6	50	64.15
Training and development specialists	57.8	29	61.6
Architectural and engineering managers	47.1	25	55.5
Compliance officers	72	50	55.41
Industrial production managers	51.6	37	48.68
Graphic designers	72.5	58	48.59

The full research is available here.

Lawyers top the list of the most AI-resistant occupations, requiring the highest 100 percent human interaction. The occupation holds an AI resistance score of 100, requiring balanced decision-making and strong analytical skills. Furthermore, the likelihood of lawyers' jobs being automated is only 26 percent, as they need essential human reasoning and legal interpretation.

Managers of medicine and health services take second place on the list of the most AI-resistant occupations. The existing risk of the occupation's possible automation is 29 percent. While AI can be helpful with diagnostics and treatment recommendations, it can never replace the human aspect of healthcare. Requiring over 89.8 percent of interaction with the general public, emotional support provided by healthcare professionals is critical.

Human resource managers have the third place. The final score for human resources referring to AI resistance is 87. There is a 26 percent possibility for this job to be automated, equal to that for healthcare and medicine. The presence of human touch in this occupation is required, with over 82.9 percent of the workforce, as human empathy continues to play a vital role here.

General and operations managers jump to fourth place on the list, with an AI resistance score of 75. The automation risk is only 36 percent, and the importance of human participation remains central. Over 80.3 percent of employees should be involved in direct public interaction in this profession.

With an AI resistance score of 64, the job of first-line supervisors and administrative support workers ranks fifth among all jobs. The occupation requires quite a high 81.6 percent human interaction with the public, emphasizing the role of interpersonal communication, leadership, and people management beyond data analysis and automation.

Training and development specialists have the sixth spot with an AI resistance score of 61. There is only a 29 percent likelihood that the occupation can be totally automated, based on AI skills for generating training content and assessment techniques. At the same time, human engagement is central here, with over 57.8 percent of required interaction.

The seventh place is taken by the job of architectural and engineering managers, having an AI resistance score of 55. This occupation has the lowest 25 percent risk of being automated. The percent requiring human interaction with the general public is 47.1 percent, still emphasizing the importance of human participation.

The occupation of compliance officers ranks eighth on the list of AI-resistant jobs. Professionals face a 50 percent risk of being entirely replaced due to the significant role of AI in work processes like risk assessment, data analysis, and document review. At the same time, 72 percent of employees in this occupation should be involved in human interaction.

Industrial production managers hold the ninth position on the list, with an AI resistance score of 48.6. The occupation's vulnerability to full automation is 37 percent. The required human interaction for this occupation is 51.6 percent, as human-centered problem-solving and customer communication are key components that AI cannot fully ensure.

Rounding up the list, graphic designers take tenth place on the list with a 48.5 AI resistance score. The occupation still requires a relatively high level of human interaction, at 72.5 percent, to establish client communication and create visual material aligned with a brand's message beyond algorithms and data analysis.